Welcome to the Patient Education Library of Cardinal Urgent Care
We invite you to explore our comprehensive list of resources and educational materials designed to help educate you about the various medical conditions we treat. Choose a topic below to learn more.
If you have any questions or concerns regarding your condition or treatment, please feel free to contact Cardinal Urgent Care in King, North Carolina, by calling (336) 983-9111. No appointment is necessary, but for the fastest care, you may call ahead to let us know you are coming or schedule an appointment online.
This information is intended for educational and informational purposes only. It should not be used in place of an individual consultation, examination, or the medical advice of your doctor. This information should not be relied upon to determine a diagnosis or course of treatment.
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A Guide To Arthroscopy
Arthroscopic Surgery is a procedure that allows surgeons to see, diagnose, and treat problems inside a joint. The procedure, also called an Arthroscopy, requires only small incisions and is guided by a miniature viewing instrument or scope. Before arthroscopy existed, ... Read More
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Achilles Tendon Tear & Repair
The Achilles tendon is the most powerful tendon in the human body. Tendons are strong tissues that connect muscles to bone. The Achilles tendon is located in the lower back part of the leg and works with the calf muscles ... Read More
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ACL Tear & Reconstruction - Knee Ligament Injury
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the most commonly injured ligaments in the knee. Ligaments are strong non-elastic fibers that connect our bones together. The ACL crosses inside of the knee, connecting the thighbone to the leg. It ... Read More
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Acne
Acne, commonly referred to as pimples, blemishes, and zits, is a common skin condition that most people experience at some point in life, most often as teenagers. Acne results when tiny openings in the skin become plugged. Acne is treated ... Read More
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Acute Stress Disorder
Acute stress disorder is a type of anxiety disorder that develops in some people that witness or experience a horrifying life-threatening event. Acute stress disorder causes an assortment of symptoms including re-living the event through memories and nightmares and feeling ... Read More
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Allergies
An allergic reaction occurs when the immune system overreacts to a normally nonthreatening substance. There are many types, causes, and symptoms of allergic reactions. Different areas of the body can be affected depending on the allergic trigger. Some allergic reactions ... Read More
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Anal Cancer
Anal cancer is an uncommon type of cancer. It results when cells in the anus grow abnormally and out of control. The anus is the opening at the end of the rectum through which waste products pass when you have ... Read More
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Anaphylaxis & Anaphylactic Shock
Anaphylaxis is a potentially life-threatening allergic reaction with rapid onset of symptoms. Anaphylaxis usually occurs in people after they are exposed to a substance they are severely allergic to such as foods, medications, and insect stings. It has been estimated that up to 15% ... Read More
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Anemia
Anemia is a blood disorder characterized by a lack of red blood cells or hemoglobin, a substance in red blood cells. Anemia results if not enough normal hemoglobin or red blood cells are produced, too many red blood cells are ... Read More
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Ankle Replacement
Total ankle replacement surgery, or ankle arthroplasty, can improve ankle function and relieve severe pain caused by arthritis and other conditions. As more FDA-approved ankle implants have become available, ankle replacement has become the preferred alternative to ankle fusion. ... Read More
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Ankle Sprain & Instability
Ankle Sprains are a very common injury that can happen to anyone. Our ankles support our entire body weight and are vulnerable to instability. Walking on an uneven surface or wearing the wrong shoes can cause a sudden loss of ... Read More
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Anorexia Nervosa
Anorexia nervosa is a type of eating disorder. People with eating disorders have problems with their eating behavior, thoughts, and emotions. They have a distorted body image and attempt to control their weight by controlling their food intake. People ... Read More
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Anterior Hip Replacement
When you need surgery to replace a damaged or diseased hip, some orthopedic surgeons have advanced training to perform anterior hip arthroplasty, also known as the direct anterior approach to hip replacement. This procedure is considered ... Read More
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Aortic Aneurysm
An aortic aneurysm is a condition that results from the swelling of a weakened wall in the aorta. The aorta is the largest artery in your body. It branches off your heart and distributes blood throughout your body and organs. ... Read More
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Appendicitis
Your appendix is a small tube-like structure that extends off your large intestine. While the appendix does not have a known function, if it becomes inflamed or infected the result is appendicitis. Appendicitis can be quite dangerous as there is ... Read More
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Arthritis
Arthritis is a common disease that causes joint pain, stiffness, immobility, and swelling. Arthritis is actually a term for a group of over 100 diseases that affect the muscle and skeletal system, particularly the joints. Arthritis alters the cartilage in ... Read More
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Arthrocentesis - Pain Management
Arthrocentesis or aspiration is a treatment to relieve joint pain and swelling. Arthrocentesis is appropriate for larger joints including the knee, hip, sacroiliac, shoulder, elbow, and wrist. It is useful for treating joint swelling caused by infection, gout, and rheumatoid ... Read More
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Asthma
Asthma is a lung disease. Asthma causes the breathing tubes in the lungs to temporarily narrow. People with asthma have difficulty breathing air in and out of their lungs. An allergen or irritant in the environment usually triggers an asthma flare-up. ... Read More
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Athletes Foot
Athletes are not the only people who can get athlete’s foot. A fungus that thrives in warm environments, such as poolside surfaces and locker rooms, causes the skin infection to develop between the toes or on the soles of the ... Read More
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Atrial Fibrillation
Atrial Fibrillation, also known as A Fib or AF, is a common heart condition that causes an abnormal rhythm (arrhythmia). It is sometimes described as a quivering heart or fluttering heartbeat. A change in the electrical charge that travels ... Read More
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Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD)
Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) is a neurologically based condition. People with ADD have difficulty paying attention, maintaining their focus on a task, and are easily distracted. They may move from one task to the next without completing any of them. ... Read More
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Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD)
Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) is a neurologically based disorder. People with ADHD have difficulty maintaining attention, act before thinking, and are hyperactive or restless. Untreated ADHD can be problematic and disrupt school or work performance, as well as social ... Read More
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Bacterial Vaginosis - Vaginal Infection
Bacterial vaginosis is a common type of vaginal infection. It results when there is an imbalance and overgrowth of the natural organisms within the vagina. Bacterial vaginosis may produce a foul smelling vaginal discharge. It is usually treated with over-the-counter ... Read More
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Balanced Diet and Nutrition
The food that you eat can directly affect your health. As Americans are facing higher rates of obesity, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease, it is more important than ever to make sure that you and your family are eating a ... Read More
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Bile Duct Cancer
Bile duct cancer, also called cholangiocarcinoma, is a rare form of cancer that occurs in the duct that carries bile from the liver to the small intestine. Bile duct cancer is relatively slow growing. Its main symptom is jaundice (yellowing of ... Read More
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Binge-Eating Disorder
Binge-eating is a disorder of eating. It involves episodes of eating an enormous amount of food in a very short period of time. People may feel out of control during binge-eating and guilty or depressed afterwards. People with binge-eating disorder ... Read More
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Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar disorder is a type of mood disorder characterized by alternating moods of depression and mania, often with normal moods in between. Depression may cause feelings of sadness, worthlessness, hopelessness, and suicidal thoughts. Mania may cause excitability, rage, and racing ... Read More
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Bite Injuries - Animal Bites
Animal bite injuries can cause skin wounds and structural damage to the hand. Infection and, less commonly, rabies are always a main concern. Pets are the most common source of bite injures, although they may result from wild animals as ... Read More
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Bite Injuries - Human Bites
Human bite injuries result from fist fighting or the intentional act of biting to inflict harm. Bite injuries occur during fist fighting if the fist of one person strikes the teeth of another person. Hand injuries from human bites can ... Read More
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Bladder Cancer
Bladder cancer occurs when the cells in the bladder grow abnormally or out of control. The exact cause of bladder cancer is unknown; however cigarette smoking and exposure to certain industrial chemicals appear to be risk factors. The most common ... Read More
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BOTOX for Pain Management
BOTOX® is useful for more than smoothing out wrinkles. In fact, it is indicated for treating painful muscle spasms and contractions in the neck (cervical dystonia), tension headaches, migraine headaches, back pain, and myofascial pain. BOTOX injections are used to ... Read More
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Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is a common type of cancer in women. It is a malignant (cancerous) tumor that begins from the cells in the breast. Breast cancer can rarely develop in men, as well. There are several different types of breast ... Read More
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Breast Examination
Breast cancer is a common cancer in women. Breast cancer occurs when cells in the breast grow abnormally or out of control. The exact cause of breast cancer is unknown. Breast examinations are used to help detect breast cancer as ... Read More
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Breast Reduction for Men with Gynecomastia
Breast reduction for men (reduction mammoplasty) is a cosmetic and reconstructive surgical procedure that is used to reduce the size of the breasts. Men may experience enlarged breasts (gynecomastia) for several reasons, including hormone abnormalities, hereditary conditions, disease, use of ... Read More
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Bronchitis
Bronchitis is a condition of inflammation of the large air passages in the lungs. It occurs when the mucous lining in the airways becomes irritated and swollen. Cigarette smoking, air pollution, and upper respiratory infections are common causes of bronchitis. ... Read More
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Bruises - Contusions
Everyone has experienced a bruise at one time or another. A bruise, medically termed a contusion, results when the blood vessels beneath the skin are injured and bleed. Cold packs can help reduce bruising following an injury. Significant bruises should ... Read More
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Bulimia
Bulimia is a type of eating disorder. People with eating disorders have problems with their eating behavior, thoughts, and emotions. They have a distorted body image and attempt to control their weight by controlling their food intake. People with bulimia ... Read More
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Bunion
Bunions are a common foot deformity, especially in females. They most frequently result from wearing shoes that are too small and or have a high heel. Abnormal pressure from poor fitting shoes causes the bones in the big toe and ... Read More
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Burns
Minor burns are common skin injuries that affect the outer most layers of the skin. Burns are caused by heat, such as fire, but can occur from several other sources, such as hot liquids, the sun, or certain chemicals. Minor ... Read More
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Carcinoid Cancer
Carcinoid cancer originates from certain hormone producing cells that line several organ systems. It most frequently occurs in the gastrointestinal tract. The exact cause of carcinoid cancer is unknown. It may or may not produce symptoms depending on where in ... Read More
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Cardiac Arrhythmia - Irregular Heartbeat
Heart arrhythmias, also called cardiac arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result when the heart beats too fast, too slow, or unevenly. A heart arrhythmia occurs if there is a disturbance anywhere along the nerve signal pathway in the heart chambers. ... Read More
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Cardiac Catheterization
Introduction and Uses Cardiac catheterization may be used as a diagnostic or treatment procedure. It involves advancing a catheter, a thin flexible tube, into the right or left side of the heart. Cardiac catheterization can provide information about the functioning of ... Read More
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Cardiac Imaging
Cardiac imaging is a specialized branch of radiology. It uses sophisticated technology to create detailed images of the heart and blood vessels that otherwise could not be seen without open surgery. There are several different types of cardiac imaging that ... Read More
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Cardiac Stress Test
A cardiac stress test may also be referred to as an exercise ECG (electrocardiogram), stress test, or treadmill test. A cardiac stress test is used to evaluate how your heart works during exercise. The test is used to assess general ... Read More
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Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS)
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is a common condition that affects the hand and wrist. It occurs when the Median Nerve in the wrist is compressed. Nerves carry messages between our brains, spinal cord, and body parts. The Median Nerve carries signals for sensation and ... Read More
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Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - Endoscopic Release Surgery
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is a common condition that affects the hand and wrist. It occurs when the Median Nerve in the wrist is compressed. Nerves carry messages between our brains, spinal cord, and body parts. The Median Nerve carries signals for sensation and ... Read More
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Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - Open Release Surgery
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is a common condition that affects the hand and wrist. It occurs when the Median Nerve in the wrist is compressed. Nerves carry messages between our brains, spinal cord, and body parts. The Median Nerve carries signals for sensation and ... Read More
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Cartilage Tears
Articular cartilage is a substance that covers the ends of many of your bones. It cushions them during movement and provides a smooth surface for the bones in a joint to glide on. The meniscal cartilages in the knee differ ... Read More
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Celiac Sprue
Celiac sprue is an inherited disease that affects the way nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine. It occurs when people with the genetic condition eat foods that contain gluten and other proteins. Gluten is contained in wheat, barley, rye, and ... Read More
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Cervical Cancer
Cervical cancer occurs when the cells in the cervix grow abnormally or out of control. The cervix is part of the female reproductive system. The exact cause of cervical cancer is unknown. Certain strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV), a ... Read More
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Cervical Degenerative Disc Disease - Spinal Cord and Nerve Compression
Cervical degenerative disc disease is a condition that can compress the spinal cord and nerves in the neck. Intervertebral discs are shock-absorbing pads located between vertebrae, the small bones that make up your spine. Aging can cause the discs to ... Read More
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Cervical Radiculopathy - Cervical Nerve Compression
Cervical radiculopathy is a condition that results when a nerve is pinched or irritated as it leaves the spine in the neck. Nerves from the spinal cord exit at various levels from the spine and travel throughout the body. With ... Read More
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Cervical Spondylitic Myelopathy - Spinal Cord Compression
Cervical spondylitic myelopathy is a condition that affects the spinal cord in the neck. It is the most common spinal cord disorder in the United States. Cervical spondylitic myelopathy most frequently occurs in adults because of degenerative changes in the ... Read More
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is an irreversible lung condition. Diseases classified as COPD cause swelling of the large airways in the lungs, which obstructs or blocks the flow of air. Symptoms of COPD include shortness of breath, coughing, wheezing, ... Read More
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Cluster Headache
Cluster headaches are named so because they occur in predictable patterns, often as regular as clockwork. They are one of the most painful types of headaches. Fortunately, treatments and medication can help reduce symptoms and the number of headache episodes. ... Read More
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Coccydynia - Tailbone Pain
Coccydynia is an uncommon painful condition that originates from the coccyx, the tailbone at the end of the spine. Trauma and falls are the most frequent causes of coccydynia. In the vast majority of cases, nonsurgical treatment, such as medications ... Read More
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Cochlear Implants
Cochlear implants are small devices surgically placed in the ear to help people with complete deafness or near complete deafness to hear. This, in turn, can lead to improved speaking skills. In some cases, people with cochlear implants may be ... Read More
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Cold Therapy
Cold therapy is a non-surgical non-medication modality used to help relieve pain and swelling. Cold therapy is commonly used immediately following an injury. There are many forms of cold therapy, including ice massage, commercial cold packs, or ice packs. Your doctor ... Read More
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Colon and Rectal Polyps
Colon and rectal polyps are small growths that project out from the inside lining of the large intestine or rectum. They usually are noncancerous and produce no symptoms. However, some polyps can turn into cancer. Polyps that turn into cancer ... Read More
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Colon Cancer
Colon cancer is a common type of cancer. Colon cancer occurs when cells in the interior lining of the colon or large intestine grow abnormally and out of control. The exact cause of colon cancer is unknown. In most cases, ... Read More
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Colonoscopy
A colonoscopy is a procedure that uses a scope to view the inside lining of the entire colon. A scope is a long thin tube with a light and a viewing instrument that sends images to a monitor. The scope ... Read More
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Common Cold
Colds are a very common medical condition. There are over two hundred viruses that can cause the common cold. The viruses are easily transmitted from person to person. Coughing, sneezing, a sore throat, and a runny nose are typical cold ... Read More
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Computed Tomography (CT)
Computed tomography (CT) is a noninvasive procedure that is used to provide detailed views of the bones, blood vessels, brain, and dense tissues. With CT, cross-sectional images are produced in a series of slices similar to the slices that make ... Read More
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Concussion (TBI)
A concussion is a traumatic brain injury (TBI) that occurs from a direct hit to the head. Concussions can also occur when the head or body is forcefully shaken. Brain injuries can lead to temporary confusion, headaches, and much more. ... Read More
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Conjunctivitis - Inner Eyelid Infection
Conjunctivitis is an inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva. The conjunctiva is a thin film that covers the inside of your eyelids and the whites of your eyes. There are many causes and types of conjunctivitis. Some kinds are contagious ... Read More
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Constipation
Constipation refers to a change and decrease in bowel movements. Constipation can be very uncomfortable but is rarely linked to a serious medical condition. It can cause hard stools that are difficult and painful to pass. A poor diet, poor ... Read More
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Contact Dermatitis
For some people, objects as common as rubber soled shoes, jewelry, or cleaning products can cause contact dermatitis, a type of skin reaction. Contact dermatitis appears as an itchy red rash on the skin. It develops when the skin touches a ... Read More
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Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure or CPAP (pronounced “see – pap”) is a treatment used for breathing problems where mild air pressure flows constantly into the patient’s mouth and/or nose to keep airways open. A machine works in conjunction with a ... Read More
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Contraception - Birth Control Methods
Contraception can reduce the risk of pregnancy. There are many types of birth control methods. Some forms of birth control require a doctor’s prescription or a medical procedure, while others may be purchased as over-the-counter products. Some forms of birth ... Read More
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Costovertebral Block
Your ribs are joined to your spine by the costovertebral joints in your upper back. A variety of conditions can cause pain in this area. A costovertebral block is a procedure that is used both to diagnose and treat the source ... Read More
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Cubital Tunnel Syndrome - Ulnar Nerve Transposition (Elbow)
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome is a condition caused by pressure on the ulnar nerve at the elbow. Nerves carry messages between the brain, spinal cord, and body parts. When a nerve is compressed, it cannot function properly. Cubital Tunnel Syndrome is ... Read More
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Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) - Blood Clots in Deep Veins
A deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a blood clot that forms in the deep large veins of the pelvis, legs, thighs, or arms. A DVT can reduce or block the flow of blood in a vein. It may dislodge and ... Read More
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Degenerative Disc Disease - Pain Management
Your spine is made up of a series of bones. Shock-absorbing pads, called discs, are located between each of the bones. With age, the discs can begin to break down or deteriorate, and lead to a condition called degenerative disc disease. ... Read More
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Degenerative Disc Disease - Spine Degeneration
Degenerative Disc Disease is a condition that causes the intervertebral discs in the spine to deteriorate or breakdown. Intervertebral discs are the shock-absorbing pads located between your vertebrae. The vertebrae are the series of bones that make up your spine. Degenerative ... Read More
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Degenerative Disc Disease - Spine Degeneration
Degenerative Disc Disease is a condition that causes the intervertebral discs in the spine to deteriorate or break down. Intervertebral discs are the shock-absorbing pads located between your vertebrae. The vertebrae are the series of bones that make up your ... Read More
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Depression
Depression is a real medical condition that is treatable. Depression is not a “normal part” of every day life. Common symptoms of depression include feeling sad, irritable, tired, and uninterested in activities that used to be enjoyable. Everyone feels this ... Read More
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Diabetes - Gestational
Gestational Diabetes is the most common pregnancy complication. Diabetes is a disease that affects how the body uses glucose, a sugar that is a source of fuel. Normally, insulin, a hormone, helps glucose get into the body cells where it ... Read More
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Diabetes - Type 1
Diabetes is a disease that affects how the body uses glucose, a sugar that is used as a source of fuel for the body. Normally, the hormone insulin helps glucose enter the cells where it is used for energy. People ... Read More
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Diabetes - Type 2 & Pre-Diabetes
Type 2 diabetes, also known as non-insulin dependent diabetes is the most common form of diabetes. Diabetes is a disease that affects how the body uses glucose, a sugar that is a source of fuel. Normally, the hormone insulin helps ... Read More
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Diabetes Insipidus
Diabetes Insipidus (DI) is a body water balance disorder. DI, also called “water diabetes,” is not the same type of diabetes as “sugar diabetes,” or Type 1 Diabetes, Type 2 Diabetes, or Gestational Diabetes. The diseases resemble each other because ... Read More
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Diabetic Foot
Foot problems are a common complication of Diabetes. Diabetes is a disease that affects how the body uses glucose, a sugar that is a source of fuel for the body. Normally, insulin, a hormone, helps glucose get into ... Read More
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Diaper Rash
Diaper rash is type of dermatitis that occurs on your baby’s bottom and genitals. It is typically bright red and may include bumps such as blisters or pimples. Diaper rash may be irritating or mildly painful for your baby, but ... Read More
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Diarrhea
Diarrhea is a very common condition for people of all ages. A viral infection, such as the stomach flu, or a bacterial infection most frequently causes diarrhea. Less commonly, diarrhea is associated with an underlying medical condition. Symptoms include the ... Read More
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Digital Mammography with CAD
Digital mammography with computer-aided detection (CAD) is a state-of-the-art screening method for breast cancer. Traditional mammograms use film to record images. Digital mammography creates images on a high-resolution computer. The computerized images can be manipulated by a radiologist for a ... Read More
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Digital x-ray
Digital x-rays are used to create images of the structures inside of the body. X-rays assist doctors with diagnosis and treatment planning. Traditional x-rays use film and chemicals. Digital x-rays are filmless and images are stored electronically on a computer. ... Read More
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Discography
Discography is a diagnostic procedure to help identify the source of back or neck pain. Discs are cushions located between the bones that make up your spine. Normally, discs act as shock-absorbers to protect the bones in the spine. Aging or ... Read More
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Dysmenorrhea - Painful Periods
Dysmenorrhea is the medical term for very painful menstrual cramps. All females may experience cramps at one time or another, but for those with dysmenorrhea, severe pain and stomach problems may interfere with their daily activities. Dysmenorrhea may or may ... Read More
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Earache
Earache, medically termed otalgia, is pain that occurs in the ear. Ear infections are a frequent cause of earache, especially in infants and children. Air pressure changes and earwax buildup are also common causes. There are varities of treatments for ... Read More
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Echocardiogram
An echocardiogram is usually also be referred to as a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE), Doppler ultrasound of the heart, or surface echo. An echocardiogram is an ultrasound of the heart. During the procedure, sound waves create a “live” picture of the ... Read More
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Eczema
Eczema is a chronic hypersensitive skin reaction, similar to an allergy. Atopic dermatitis is a common form of eczema. The hallmark symptoms of eczema are intense itching and a red rash. Environmental irritants, stress, water, and temperature changes may worsen ... Read More
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Electrocardiogram - ECG
An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is useful for identifying if the heart is beating normally. It may be used for people with chest pain, heart palpitations, or suspected heart disease. An ECG measures the electrical activity of the heart. It ... Read More
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Endometriosis
Endometriosis is the abnormal growth of uterine-lining tissue outside of the uterus. Endometriosis frequently develops on the outside of the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, or pelvic lining. It is a common problem that needs monitoring and treatment because complications may ... Read More
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Enlarged Prostate (BPH)
An enlarged prostate gland is a very common condition. The prostate is a golf ball sized gland in men. It is located underneath the bladder and in front of the rectum. It is very common for a prostate gland to ... Read More
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Environmental Allergy
Runny noses, itchy watery eyes, and sneezing bother many Americans with environmental allergies, especially during pollen season. While outdoor allergies from grass, weeds, and trees may be seasonal, indoor allergies from dust mites and pet dander can cause problems all ... Read More
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Epidural Injections - Low Back (Lumbar)
Epidural injections are a non-surgical treatment option for low back (lumbar) pain and pain radiating into the legs. The procedure involves delivering pain relieving medications directly to or near the source of the pain in the spine during a short ... Read More
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Epidural Injections - Neck (Cervical Transforaminal Steroid Injection)
Cervical transforaminal epidural steroid injections are a non-surgical option to ease pain in the neck, shoulder and upper extremity. The neck is a vulnerable part of the spine and is susceptible to injury and degeneration. A variety of conditions can ... Read More
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Epidural Injections - Upper Back (Thoracic)
Epidural injections are a non-surgical treatment option for upper back (thoracic) pain. The procedure involves delivering pain-relieving medications directly to or near the source of the pain in the spine during a short outpatient procedure. Epidural injections can be very ... Read More
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Epilepsy
Epilepsy is a disorder that is caused by a surge of abnormal nerve signals in the brain. Repeated seizures are the main symptom of epilepsy. In many cases, the cause of epilepsy is unknown. Treatment for epilepsy involves medications, dietary ... Read More
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Erectile Dysfunction
Erectile Dysfunction (ED) is the inability to maintain an erection long enough to have sexual intercourse. It is normal for men to have trouble maintaining an erection from time to time. However, if it occurs more than 25% of the time, it may be time ... Read More
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Exercise Therapy - Pain Management
Exercise therapy focuses on helping the body function at a higher level of efficiency. Exercise is important for helping all body systems function optimally while preventing injury, pain, and deterioration. Exercise therapy may help improve flexibility, strength, endurance, and posture. ... Read More
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Facet Injections - Pain Management
Facet injections are non-surgical treatments to relieve pain and inflammation of the facet joints in the spine. Facet joints are located on the top and bottom of each vertebra. Facet joints connect the vertebrae to form the spine and allow ... Read More
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Facet Joint Syndrome - Pain Management
The facet joints connect the bones that align to make up the spine. Healthy facet joints glide freely and allow movement. The natural aging process, injury, arthritis, and certain spine conditions can change the way that the facet joints move and ... Read More
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Female Reproductive System: An Overview
The female reproductive system matures in girls during puberty. It serves several functions, including hormone production, sexual intercourse, pregnancy, childbirth, menstruation, and menopause. The female reproductive system consists of internal organs and external genitalia. ... Read More
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Fibromyalgia
Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition that causes widespread pain and tender points on muscles. Although the exact cause of fibromyalgia is unknown, there appear to be several factors that may contribute to it. In addition to lifestyle changes and physical ... Read More
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Flexible Sigmoidoscopy
A flexible sigmoidoscopy is a procedure that uses a sigmoidoscope to view the inside lining of the rectum and lower section of the colon. A sigmoidoscope is a thin tube that is about twenty inches long. It has a light ... Read More
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Flu and Flu Shots
The flu is a respiratory disease that affects the nose, throat, and lungs. The influenza virus type A, B, or C causes it. The flu is very contagious. Symptoms include fever, chills, body aches, cough, and a lack of energy. ... Read More
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Fluorescein Angiography - Blood Vessel Imaging
Fluorescein angiography is an eye test that is used to detect blood circulation problems in the retina and choroid, structures that are located in the back of your eyes. The test uses an injected dye and a special camera to ... Read More
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Fluoroscopy
A fluoroscopy is a live X-ray that creates real-time images. It is especially useful for diagnosing upper or lower digestive tract disorders (barium enema, barium swallow) or joint problems (arthrography). The live images can help a doctor determine how a ... Read More
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Food Allergies
Many people have food intolerances, such as lactose intolerance with milk, but true food allergies only affect about 1% of all people. Food allergies are more common in children, and some children outgrow them. People with food allergies should avoid ... Read More
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Food Poisoning
Each year more than 76 million cases of food poisoning occur in the United States. Food poisoning occurs when contaminated food is eaten. There are many types of germs that can cause food poisoning. The majority of people with food ... Read More
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Fractures
Bones are the hardest tissues in your body. Although bones are strong, they can split or break under too much pressure or force. A broken bone is called a fracture. Fractures can occur in a variety of ... Read More
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Gallbladder Disease/Gallstones
Gallbladder disease is caused by conditions that slow or block the flow of bile from the gallbladder. Bile is a fluid that breaks down fat during the digestive process. Inflammation or gallstones can block the bile flow. Gallstones are solid ... Read More
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Gas and Bloating
Gas symptoms occur daily as part of your normal digestive process. Belching, burping, and passing gas (flatulence) eliminates gas from your digestive tract. Excess gas can cause discomfort, pain, and bloating. Gas symptoms are produced by swallowed air and the breakdown ... Read More
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Gastroenteritis
Gastroenteritis is irritation and inflammation of the stomach and intestines. It is most frequently caused by viral or bacterial infection. Symptoms of gastroenteritis include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Usually, treatment is aimed at preventing dehydration. Certain bacterial causes are ... Read More
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Generalized anxiety disorder is a common type of anxiety disorder. People with generalized anxiety disorder experience excessive worry and anxiety over daily circumstances. They may feel that they have little control over their internal tension and it may interfere with ... Read More
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GERD (Reflux)
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a digestive condition. It is also called Peptic Esophagitis and Reflux Esophagitis. GERD results when stomach contents and stomach acids enter the esophagus. The esophagus is the tube that transfers food from your throat to ... Read More
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Glaucoma
Glaucoma is an eye disorder that occurs from damage to the optic nerve. The optic nerve carries nerve signals about what you see to your brain for processing. Glaucoma most frequently results from an imbalance of fluid production and drainage ... Read More
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Golfer's Elbow - Medial Epicondylitis
Golfer's Elbow (medial epicondylitis) is a type of cumulative trauma injury. Golfer's Elbow results when the tendons that attach to the inner elbow degenerate. Tendons do not stretch easily and are vulnerable to degeneration during repetitive motions, such as those ... Read More
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Gout
Gout is a disorder that can cause sudden joint pain. It occurs most commonly in the big toe, although it may affect other joints. The buildup of uric acid, a substance found naturally in the body and in certain foods, ... Read More
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Hair Loss
Hair loss, also referred to as alopecia or balding, is a very common condition. Balding is very common in men, although both men and women tend to lose hair thickness as they age. In most cases, hair loss is inherited ... Read More
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Hand Nerve Injury and Repair
Nerve injuries in the hand can result from cuts, pressure, stretching, or crush injuries. An injured nerve cannot transmit nerve signals. An injured nerve can cause a lack of sensation, movement, or both. Some types of nerve ... Read More
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Hand Therapy
Hand Therapy is a specialized area of rehabilitation. Your doctor may refer you to an occupational therapist or physical therapist with advanced skills or a Certified Hand Therapist (CHT) for hand therapy. A CHT is an occupational or physical therapist ... Read More
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Hearing Loss & Deafness: An Overview
Partial or complete hearing loss (deafness) may be temporary or permanent, depending on the type and cause. Some people are born with an inability to hear and for others, hearing loss may develop over time. You should contact your doctor ... Read More
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Heart Attack - Myocardial Infarction (MI)
A heart attack is a life-threatening emergency condition. Heart attack, medically termed myocardial infarction (MI), is the leading cause of death for men and women. A heart attack occurs when the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygenated blood and ... Read More
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Heart Disease
Heart disease, also called cardiovascular disease, is a common problem in the United States. It occurs when the heart and blood vessels do not function properly. The most common cause is narrowing or blockage of the arteries that supply blood ... Read More
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Heat Therapy
Heat therapy is a treatment used to help relieve pain and muscle stiffness. Heat therapy is commonly used to reduce long-lasting or chronic pain. There are many forms of heat therapy, including commercial heat packs, heating pads, and moist or ... Read More
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Heel Cracks
Cracked heels (heel fissures) are a common foot condition. The condition develops in dry skin or calluses on the heel if there is too much pressure on the skin. Moisturizing creams, clinical skin treatments, heel cups, or insoles can help. ... Read More
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Heel Pain
Your heels bear tons of pressure each day when you stand and walk. It’s no wonder that heel pain is a common complaint. Heel pain occurs for a variety of reasons, from wearing the wrong type of shoes to abnormal ... Read More
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Heel Spurs
Heel spurs are abnormal bony growths that develop at the back of or under the heel. Inflammation around a spur, more so than the spur itself, can cause significant pain. Fortunately, symptoms can be eased with non-surgical treatments for the vast ... Read More
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Hepatitis B and C
Hepatitis means that the liver is inflamed. Liver inflammation can occur for several reasons, and there are different types of hepatitis. Hepatitis B and C result from viral infections. Hepatitis B and C are transmitted from an infected person to ... Read More
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Hernia
A hernia results when the supportive muscle layer that covers the intestines is weakened or ruptures, allowing a portion of the intestine or tissue to protrude through it. A hernia may or may not cause symptoms. It may appear as ... Read More
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Herniated Disc - Pain Management
A herniated disc, also called a “ruptured” disc, is a common source of neck or lower back pain. Discs are cushion-like pads that are located between the series of small bones that make up the spine. A herniated disc occurs ... Read More
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Herniated Disc Cervical/ACDF - Slipped Disc in the Neck
A herniated or “ruptured” disc is a common source of neck pain and arm pain. Discs are the shock-absorbing pads that are between vertebrae, the series of small bones that make up your spine. Your cervical spine is located in ... Read More
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Hiatal Hernia
A hiatal hernia occurs when part of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm, the muscle inside of the chest wall. A hiatal hernia may cause no symptoms. However, symptoms can occur from the back up of stomach acids, air, or ... Read More
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High Blood Pressure - Hypertension (HTN)
High blood pressure, or hypertension (HTN), is a common condition in the United States. High blood pressure is termed a “silent killer” because it usually does not have symptoms but can cause significant cardiovascular and organ damage. The only way to know ... Read More
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High Cholesterol - Dyslipidemia
High cholesterol occurs when there is too much or an unhealthy balance of cholesterol in the blood. Your body needs some cholesterol for healthy functioning but too much is dangerous to your health. High cholesterol has no symptoms. The only ... Read More
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Hip Fracture - ORIF
Hip Fractures are most commonly caused by falls. The risk for Hip Fractures increases with age. Older adults, especially those over the age of 85, are at the highest risk because of changes in bone structure and overall health. Medical ... Read More
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HIV and AIDS
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a viral infection that gradually destroys the immune system and progresses to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV is primarily spread from an infected person to another during sexual activity, needle sharing, or ... Read More
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Hives
Hives (Urticaria) are red or white itchy bumps that appear on the skin. Hives result from allergic reactions, environmental factors, and certain medical conditions. In many cases, hives resolve without medical treatment. Over-the-counter or prescription medications are the standard treatments ... Read More
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Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism is a condition that occurs when the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone. Your thyroid gland is located at the front of your neck. Thyroid hormones regulate your body metabolism. Metabolism refers to all of the chemical processes ... Read More
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Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism is a condition that most often occurs when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone. Your thyroid gland is located at the front of your neck. Thyroid hormones regulate your body metabolism. Metabolism refers to all of ... Read More
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Image Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT)
Image-Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT) is a type of external beam radiation therapy for cancer that adjusts for the location (or position) of a cancer tumor throughout treatment. Cancer tumors may move, change size, and change shape throughout the course of ... Read More
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Incontinence - Urine
Urinary incontinence is as concerning as it can be inconvenient and embarrassing. Urinary incontinence is the involuntary loss of urine. It is not a disease, but rather a symptom. There are many causes of incontinence; some are more serious than ... Read More
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Indigestion
Indigestion is a common condition and affects people of all ages. Indigestion can occur for many reasons. Cigarette smoking and the consumption of certain foods, medications, and alcohol can contribute to indigestion. Indigestion can be a symptom of stress. Some ... Read More
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Indocyanine Green (ICG) Angiography - Blood Vessel Imaging
Indocyanine green (ICG) angiography is an eye test that is used to detect blood circulation problems in the choroid. The choroid is a blood vessel layer located under the retina in the back of your eye. The test uses an ... Read More
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease - Crohn's Disease
Crohn’s disease is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory bowel disease. It is believed to result when the immune system, which usually fights diseases, attacks the cells in the GI tract. When the cells in the digestive system are attacked, the cell ... Read More
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease - Ulcerative Colitis
Ulcerative colitis is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It causes inflammatory damage in the lining of the rectum and colon. The primary symptoms of ulcerative colitis include abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, and diarrhea. The cause of ulcerative colitis ... Read More
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Ingrown Toenails
Ingrown toenails are a common condition in adults. They occur when the corner of a toenail grows into the skin or when the skin grows over the toenail. Ingrown toenails cause pain and swelling. If left untreated, they can lead ... Read More
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Insect Sting Allergy
Itching and swelling from insect stings annoy millions of Americans each year. For some people, stings from certain insects can cause allergic reactions. While most stinging insects do not cause an allergic reaction, honeybees, yellow jackets, hornets, wasps, and fire ... Read More
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Insomnia
Insomnia is the inability to achieve a restful and sustained night’s sleep. You may have trouble falling asleep, staying asleep, or waking up too early in the morning. A lack of sleep may make you feel tired during the day, ... Read More
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Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block
An interscalene brachial plexus block uses injected medication to numb the shoulder and upper arm prior to surgical procedures or repositioning (reduction) of a dislocated shoulder. An interscalene brachial plexus block delivers numbing medication to nerves in the shoulder and ... Read More
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Interstitial Cystitis
Interstitial cystitis is an ongoing bladder problem that causes an urgency to urinate, frequent urination, and pain. Episodes may come and go. Although there is no cure for interstitial cystitis, there are a variety of treatments that can help to ... Read More
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Interventional Radiology
Interventional radiology is a specialized branch of radiology. It uses sophisticated technology to create detailed images of internal organs and structures. The images are used to guide minimally invasive procedures that are used for diagnostic or treatment purposes. There are ... Read More
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a very common gastrointestinal (GI) disorder. It is also referred to as nervous indigestion, spastic colon, and functional bowel disease. IBS is defined by the symptoms of abdominal pain and diarrhea or constipation for a prolonged ... Read More
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Lacerations (Cuts & Scratches)
Lacerations are cuts or scratches that cause a skin wound. Lacerations that are not deep can heal with home treatments. Deep severe lacerations require medical treatment, such as stitches to close the wound and promote healing. Steps should be taken to ... Read More
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Laminaplasty- Cervical Spine - Pain Management
The cervical spine is composed of a series of small bones in your neck. Your spinal cord is located in an opening inside of the bones. The spinal cord and spinal nerves exchange information between your brain and body. Certain ... Read More
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Laparoscopic Appendectomy
Laparoscopic appendectomy is an advanced minimally invasive surgical procedure that is used to remove the appendix in people with appendicitis. Your appendix is a small growth that extends off your large intestine. Although the appendix has no known purpose, it ... Read More
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Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to treat gallbladder disease. Your gallbladder is a small organ located in your right upper abdomen. Your gallbladder works with your liver and pancreas to produce bile and digestive enzymes to ... Read More
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Laparoscopic Colon Resection
Laparoscopic colon resection surgery is an advanced minimally invasive procedure to remove a diseased section of the colon. Your colon is part of your digestive system. The first part of the colon absorbs water and nutrients from the digested material ... Read More
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Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass
Laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery is a procedure that is used to help people with significant obesity lose weight. The surgery reduces the size of the stomach and reroutes the small intestine. As a result, people feel full sooner and eat ... Read More
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Laparoscopic Splenectomy
Laparoscopic splenectomy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure that is used to remove a diseased or enlarged spleen. Your spleen is located to the left of your stomach. The spleen acts as a filter to help fight infections and maintain ... Read More
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Liver Cancer
Primary liver cancer originates in the cells of the liver. Metastasized liver cancer occurs when cancer from other locations in the body spreads to the liver. Liver cancer that is identified and treated early is associated with the best outcomes. ... Read More
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Low Back Pain
The vertebrae in your lower back are larger than in any other part of your spine. Vertebrae are the series of bones that align to form your spine. The spinal section in your lower back is called the lumbar spine. ... Read More
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Lower GI Series /Barium Enema
A Lower Gastrointestinal (GI) Series or Barium Enema test provides a series of X-ray images of the large intestine. A barium enema can be used to screen for colon cancer and bowel diseases. Prior to taking X-rays, barium, a chalky ... Read More
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Lumbar Discectomy - Pain Management
The regions of the spine are defined by their vertebral curvature and function. Vertebrae are the bones that align to make up your spine. The lumbar spine is located in your lower back. The main function of the lumbar spine ... Read More
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Lumbar Radiofrequency Neurotomy - Pain Management
Lumbar radiofrequency neurotomy (facet rhizotomy) is used to treat nerve pain that originates in the spine joints of the lower back. Lumbar radiofrequency neurotomy is useful for people that experienced relief following nerve blocks to the area. The procedure “turns ... Read More
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Lung Cancer
Lung cancer occurs when cells in the lung grow abnormally out of control and form tumors. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. Smoking causes the majority of lung cancer cases. Early stages of ... Read More
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an imaging procedure that produces very detailed pictures of internal body structures. It is a non-invasive method that allows doctors to check for abnormalities and diagnose medical conditions, such as blood clots, tumors, and orthopedic ... Read More
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Male Infertility & Reproductive Endocrinology
Many people think infertility is the result of "female problems." However, male infertility is a factor for about 50% of people who have unsuccessfully tried to have children. Infertility means that a couple is unable to have (conceive) a child ... Read More
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Mammosite 5-Day Targeted Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer
MammoSite® 5-day Targeted Radiation Therapy is an advanced high-dose partial breast irradiation method for breast cancer treatment. Commonly, MammoSite is used following lumpectomy as a breast conservation strategy. For some women, it is an alternative to mastectomy (removal of the ... Read More
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Massage Therapy
Good circulation is an important element of whole body health. Massage therapy can help stimulate and improve circulation to remove the collections of waste products in lymph that cause discomfort. It can help to relieve pain and stiffness and improve ... Read More
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Meniscus Tear - Knee Cartilage
The menisci are cartilage structures in the knee joint that act as buffers between the bones. The menisci are vulnerable to injury, especially during twisting motions used for sports. Some tears in certain parts of the meniscus may heal on ... Read More
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Menopause
Menopause is a normal and natural part of a woman’s aging process. Menopause, commonly called “the change of life”, occurs around the age of 50. During this time, hormones change and menstruation (“getting periods”) stops. Common symptoms include hot flashes, ... Read More
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Menorrhagia - Excessive Menstrual Bleeding
Menorrhagia or hypermorrhea are the medical terms for excessive or prolonged menstrual bleeding. All females may experience a heavy period at one time or another, but a small number of women experience extremely heavy bleeding, periods that last longer than ... Read More
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Menstruation
Menstruation is a normal and healthy part of a female’s life. Menstruation, commonly called a period, occurs each month in a fairly regular cycle. During this time, the uterine lining sheds. A period usually lasts from five to seven days. ... Read More
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Metabolic Syndrome
Metabolic syndrome is a term used to describe the combined effects of several conditions that increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. The conditions include high blood pressure, resistance to insulin, abnormal cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and obesity ... Read More
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Metrorrhagia - Abnormal Bleeding
Metrorrhagia is abnormal bleeding that occurs between periods or that is not associated with menstruation. There are many causes of metrorrhagia, including hormone imbalance, abnormal growths, pregnancy complications, and infection. It is important to contact your doctor if you experience ... Read More
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Middle Ear Infection - Otitis Media
Middle ear infection, termed otitis media, is a common problem in infants and young children. They result from increased pressure and increased fluids in the middle ear. An earache is the primary symptom of middle ear infection. Most ear infections go ... Read More
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Migraine Headache
Migraine headache pain can be severe and accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to odors, light and sound. If untreated, migraine symptoms can be so severe that people need to lie down for a few hours or days. Although there ... Read More
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Minimally Invasive Hip Replacement - Arthroplasty
The hip is one of the most frequently replaced joints. Osteoarthritis, a type of arthritis, is the main reason for hip replacement surgery. Other conditions, including trauma, may also require the need for a hip replacement. Arthritis is a disease ... Read More
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Minimally Invasive Knee Replacement - Arthroplasty
Knee Replacement Surgery is the most common type of joint replacement surgery. The knee is one of the most easily injured joints. Knee problems can occur from injury, aging, “wear and tear,” and arthritis. Arthritis is a disease that causes joint ... Read More
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Mouth Piercings and Jewelry
Mouth piercings and jewelry are a type of fashion trend among some young adults and teenagers. The lips, tongue, and cheeks may be pierced to wear barbell, hoop, or stud-type jewelry, similar to earrings. Oral piercing procedures and the jewelry ... Read More
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Myofascial Release
Myofascial release is a rehabilitation treatment that can relieve pain and relax muscles and tissue. Myo is the prefix for muscle, and fascial refers to the smooth tough tissue that covers them. When muscles are injured or strained, both the muscles ... Read More
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Neck Pain
The neck is a very vulnerable part of the spine. It is susceptible to injury. Muscle, ligament, nerve, and spine injuries are common causes of neck pain. Poor posture and “wear and tear” can also cause neck pain. Degenerative diseases, ... Read More
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Neck Pain - Pain Management
The neck is a very vulnerable part of the spine. It is susceptible to injury. Muscle, ligament, nerve, and spine injuries are common causes of neck pain. Poor posture and “wear and tear” can also cause neck pain. Degenerative diseases, ... Read More
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Neuromuscular Re-education
Neuromuscular re-education is a technique used by rehabilitation therapists to restore normal movement. Together, your nerves and muscles work to produce movements. Nerves send signals between your muscles and your brain about when, where, and how fast to move. It ... Read More
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Neuropathy - Nerve Pain
Neuropathy, also referred to as neuralgia or neuritis, is a type of pain that involves the nerves. Neuropathy results from nerve degeneration, pressure, inflammation, or infection. There are several causes of neuropathy, including carpal tunnel syndrome, pinched nerves, spinal stenosis, ... Read More
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Newborn Hearing Screening
Newborn hearing screening is used to detect hearing loss in newborn babies. Newborns are typically tested before they leave the hospital. Screening is important to identify hearing problems early to ensure that babies with deafness or decreased hearing receive services to help ... Read More
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Nightmares
Nightmares or bad dreams are commonly experienced by children as a natural part of growing up. They may occur in adults from time to time as well. People experiencing stressful life events or sleep disorders or who use alcohol, illegal ... Read More
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Nosebleeds
The sight of blood may be unexpected, but nosebleeds are actually quite common and rarely life threatening. Nasal irritation and low humidity most frequently cause nosebleeds. In most cases, nosebleeds can be stopped with self-care. Simply squeeze your nostrils and ... Read More
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Nuclear Medicine
Nuclear medicine is a specialized branch of radiology. Its focus is on using small amounts of radioactive materials to diagnose, manage, or treat disease. Nuclear medicine uses contrast agents and X-rays to depict how organs function and detect structural abnormalities. ... Read More
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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a type of anxiety disorder. People with OCD experience obsessive thoughts, compulsions, or both. Obsessions are recurrent thoughts, ideas, feelings, or sensations that play over and over again in a person’s mind. Compulsions are actions ... Read More
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Older Adults and Sleep Problems
Sleep problems are common among older adults. Medical conditions, sleep disorders, and lifestyle factors can contribute to a reduction in sleep quality. Older adults may have problems falling asleep and remaining asleep or awakening too early in the morning. Lifestyle ... Read More
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Orthotics
Orthotics are shoe inserts that are used to correct an irregular walking pattern. They perform functions that make standing, walking, and running more comfortable and efficient, by altering slightly the angles at which the foot strikes a walking or running ... Read More
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Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is the most common bone disease. It causes progressive bone loss and increases the risk of fractures. Osteoporosis is more common in women than men, and the incidence increases with age. Bone loss from osteoporosis can lead to fractures ... Read More
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Ovarian Cancer
Ovarian cancer occurs when the cells of the ovaries grow abnormally or out of control. The ovaries are part of the female reproductive system. This type of cancer may or may not cause obvious symptoms before it has reached an ... Read More
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Ovarian Cyst
Ovarian cysts are a common condition in women during the childbearing years. They result when a cyst forms on the ovary. An ovarian cyst may or may not cause symptoms. The majority of ovarian cysts go away without treatment. In ... Read More
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Overactive Bladder - Severe Overactive Bladder
Overactive bladder can be very inconvenient and uncomfortable. Overactive bladder causes an extreme sudden urgency to urinate, frequent urination, and the need to urinate at night (nocturia). Some people experience unexpected urine loss as well. The problem occurs when muscles ... Read More
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Pain Management - An Overview
Pain management for orthopedic conditions consists of a variety of treatments aimed at reducing pain. There are many types and causes of orthopedic pain. Orthopedic pain is commonly caused by injury and aging. Back pain may result from irritated or ... Read More
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Pain Management - Prolotherapy
Prolotherapy is an alternative treatment for weakened or injured ligaments and tendons. Ligaments are strong tissues that connect bones to bones. They do not have an excellent blood supply, but they have many nerves that can cause pain, if injured. ... Read More
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Pain Management - Trigger Point Injections
Trigger point injections are used to relieve extremely painful areas of muscle. Trigger points are very tight bands or small areas of a muscle that are very sensitive to touch and pressure. The trigger point can irritate surrounding nerves and ... Read More
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Pain Management: Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)- Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (RSD)
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a type of chronic pain syndrome. CRPS was formerly called reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) and shoulder-hand syndrome. CRPS causes severe burning pain and possible eventual deterioration of an affected arm or leg. The cause ... Read More
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Pancreatic Cancer
Pancreatic cancer results when the cells in the pancreas grow abnormally and out of control instead of dividing in an orderly manner. The exact cause of pancreatic cancer is unknown. Although the vast majority of pancreatic tumors are cancerous, some ... Read More
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Pancreatitis
Pancreatitis results when the pancreas is inflamed. Your pancreas is a gland located near your stomach. It produces fluids that assist with food digestion. Certain conditions can cause the digestive fluids to become trapped inside the pancreas. As the fluids ... Read More
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Panic Disorder
Panic disorder is a type of anxiety disorder. People with panic disorder experience recurring unexpected sudden episodes of intense terror and physical symptoms. The physical symptoms can be so severe that many people question if they are having a heart ... Read More
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Pap Smear
A Pap smear test is a preventive measure that can detect precancerous or cancerous cervical cells. A yearly Pap smear used to be recommended for for most women, but this changed in 2013. Current guidelines from the American College of ... Read More
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Partial Knee Replacement
Your knee is an important joint that supports the weight of your body and must function correctly for movement and walking. Your knee is made from bone, ligaments and cartilage. One type of cartilage covers the bones, and the other ... Read More
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Patellofemoral Syndrome - Kneecap Problems
Patellofemoral Syndrome is pain in the knee that occurs from poorly aligned knee structures, trauma, or overuse. It is also called runner’s knee and Chondromalacia patellae. Patellofemoral syndrome results when the cartilage behind the kneecap is overstressed or deteriorates. Patellofemoral Syndrome ... Read More
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Pediatric Eye Conditions
There are a variety of vision problems that may affect infants and children. You should have your child evaluated if you suspect that your child is having a vision problem. Infants or children do not need to be able to ... Read More
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Pediatrics - Allergies
An allergic reaction occurs when the immune system overreacts to a normally non-threatening substance. There are many types, causes, and symptoms of allergic reactions. Different areas of the body can be affected depending on the allergic trigger. Symptoms can range ... Read More
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Pediatrics - Anemia
Anemia is a blood disorder. It is characterized by a lack of red blood cells or hemoglobin, a substance in red blood cells. Anemia results if not enough normal hemoglobin or red blood cells are produced, too many red blood ... Read More
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Pediatrics - Asthma
Asthma is a lung disease. Asthma causes the breathing tubes in the lungs to temporarily narrow. People with asthma have difficulty breathing air in and out of their lungs. An allergen or irritant in the environment usually triggers an asthma ... Read More
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Pediatrics - Balanced Diet and Nutrition
The food that your child eats can directly affect his or her health. As Americans are facing higher rates of obesity, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease, it is more important than ever to make sure that you and your family ... Read More
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Pediatrics - Chalazia
A chalazion is an inflammation within the gland of the eyelid. It forms over several weeks and appears as a reddened lump or bump on the eyelid. A chalazion can cause eyelid tenderness and painful swelling. In some cases, chalazia ... Read More
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Pediatrics - Common Cold
Colds are a very common medical condition. There are over two hundred viruses that can cause the common cold. The viruses are easily transmitted from person to person. Coughing, sneezing, a sore throat, and a runny nose are typical cold ... Read More
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Pediatrics - Constipation
Constipation refers to a change and decrease in bowel movements. Constipation can be very uncomfortable but is rarely linked to a serious medical condition. It can cause hard stools that are difficult and painful to pass. A poor diet, poor ... Read More
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Pediatrics - Diabetes, Type 1
Diabetes is a disease that affects how the body uses glucose, a sugar that is a source of fuel. Normally, insulin, a hormone, helps glucose enter the body cells where it is used for energy. People with diabetes do not ... Read More
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Pediatrics - Diabetes, Type 2
Type 2 Diabetes, also called Adult Onset Diabetes, is the most common form of diabetes. Diabetes is a disease that affects how the body uses glucose, a sugar that is a source of fuel. Normally, insulin, a hormone, helps glucose ... Read More
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Pediatrics - Diarrhea
Diarrhea is a very common condition for people of all ages. A viral infection, such as the stomach flu, or a bacterial infection most frequently causes diarrhea. Less commonly, diarrhea is associated with an underlying medical condition. Symptoms include the passing ... Read More
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Pediatrics - Fevers
Fever is a symptom of illness, and it is the body’s way of fighting off infection. While parents often fear fever in their children, it is a healthy response to illness and typically not harmful or life-threatening, unless it is ... Read More
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Pediatrics - Flu and Flu Shots
The flu is a respiratory disease that affects the nose, throat, and lungs. The influenza virus type A, B, or C causes it. The flu is very contagious. Symptoms include fever, chills, body aches, cough, and a lack of energy. ... Read More
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Pediatrics - Gas and Bloating
Gas symptoms occur daily as part of your child’s normal digestive process. Belching, burping, and passing gas (flatulence) eliminates gas from your child’s digestive tract. Excess gas can cause discomfort, pain, and bloating. Gas symptoms are produced by swallowed air and ... Read More
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Pediatrics - Gastroenteritis
Gastroenteritis is irritation and inflammation of the stomach and intestines. It is most frequently caused by viral or bacterial infection. Symptoms of gastroenteritis include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Usually, treatment is aimed at preventing dehydration. Certain bacterial causes ... Read More
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Pediatrics - GERD
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a digestive condition. It is also called Peptic Esophagitis and Reflux Esophagitis. GERD results when stomach contents and stomach acids enter the esophagus. The esophagus is the tube that transfers food from the throat to ... Read More
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Pediatrics - High Cholesterol
High cholesterol occurs when there is too much or an unhealthy balance of cholesterol in the blood. Both children and adults can have high cholesterol. Your child’s body needs some cholesterol for healthy functioning, but too much is dangerous to ... Read More
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Pediatrics - Indigestion
Indigestion is a common condition and affects people of all ages. Indigestion can occur for many reasons. The consumption of certain foods, medications, cigarette smoking, and drinking alcohol can contribute to indigestion. Indigestion can be a symptom of stress. Some ... Read More
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Pediatrics - Menstruation
Menstruation is a normal and healthy part of a female’s life. Menstruation, commonly called a period, occurs each month in a fairly regular cycle. During this time the uterine lining sheds. A period usually lasts from five to seven days. ... Read More
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Pediatrics - Moles
Moles are dark spots on the skin. Babies can be born with moles. Moles also appear over time. Heredity and spending time in the sun may influence the amount of moles that your child has. Some people have moles removed ... Read More
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Pediatrics - Seborrhea, Cradle Cap
Seborrhea, also called Seborrheic Dermatitis, is a common skin condition. When it occurs on the scalp it is called dandruff. Seborrhea on a baby’s scalp is called cradle cap. Seborrhea describes red scaly itchy skin. The affected areas produce white ... Read More
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Pediatrics - Skin Cancer
Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the United States. There are many types of skin cancers. They are classified as melanomas or non-melanomas. Melanomas begin in the melanocytes, the cells in skin that produce color. Melanoma ... Read More
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Pediatrics - Stomach Flu
The stomach flu, also called viral gastroenteritis, is the leading cause of severe diarrhea. It can also cause vomiting and abdominal pain. The virus is found in contaminated food or drinking water. Symptoms of the stomach flu usually develop within ... Read More
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Pediatrics - Teething
Babies may start getting teeth their first teeth at as early as six months old. Some babies may experience discomfort as the teeth begin to come in and break through the gum. Babies respond to teething and teething treatments differently. ... Read More
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Pediatrics - Urinary Tract Infection, Bladder Infection
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are a common condition. Most UTIs result from infection caused by bacteria that enters the urinary tract system. UTIs can be quite uncomfortable and lead to problems with urination. Fortunately, most UTIs respond well to prescription ... Read More
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Pediatrics - Warts
Warts are small growths that appear on the skin. They vary in type, size, appearance, and location. Warts usually are not painful. A virus causes warts. Warts are very contagious and can be spread from person to person. Some warts ... Read More
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Pediatrics - Weight Management
Weighing too much or too little can be a problem. In the United States, weighing too much is the more common situation. It can be unhealthy to be underweight or overweight. Of growing concern, many Americans are becoming obese, which ... Read More
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Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Pelvic inflammatory disease is an infection of the uterus, fallopian tubes, or ovaries. It is most commonly caused by sexually transmitted disease. Pelvic inflammatory disease may or may not cause symptoms. It is very important for this condition to be ... Read More
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Percutaneous Disc Nucleoplasty
Intervertebral discs are cushion-like structures that are located between the bones that make up the spine. Under certain conditions, the discs can bulge and cause back pain. Percutaneous disc nucleoplasty is a minimally invasive procedure used to reduce the pressure inside ... Read More
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Peripheral Artery Disease - Poor Circulation
Peripheral artery disease (PAD), also referred to as arteriosclerosis of the extremities and peripheral vascular disease, is a condition that causes poor blood circulation to the kidneys, intestines, arms, legs, and feet. Blood flow may be reduced or blocked by ... Read More
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Peripheral Neuropathy
Peripheral neuropathy is a symptom rather than a disease in itself. It occurs when nerves are damaged resulting in pain and loss of function, such as motor movement or the sense of touch. Peripheral neuropathy commonly develops in the longest ... Read More
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Phantom Limb Pain
Phantom limb pain is a real condition that occurs in some people after the amputation of an arm or leg. People with phantom limb feel pain as if the amputated limb is still there. The exact mechanism of phantom limb ... Read More
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Physical Therapy: An Overview
An injury, illness, chemotherapy, bed rest, inactivity, or disease may change the amount of control that you have over moving your body. Alterations in your health status may result in poor endurance, decreased muscle movement, paralysis, and loss of balance, ... Read More
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Physical Therapy: An Overview
An injury, illness, chemotherapy, bed rest, inactivity, or disease may change the amount of control that you have over moving your body. Alterations in your health status may result in poor endurance, decreased muscle movement, paralysis, and loss of balance, ... Read More
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Pinched Nerves in the Back-Spinal (Lumbar) Fusion/lumbar spinal stenosis
The lumbar spine is a common source of back problems. Your lumbar spine is located in your lower back. The main function of the lumbar spine is to support the weight of your upper body. The joints of the lumbar ... Read More
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Pitcher's Elbow - Little League Elbow
Pitcher’s elbow, also called Little League elbow, results from excessive throwing motions used in sports. It most frequently occurs in baseball, but is associated with other sports that involve throwing. Pitcher’s elbow causes pain and interferes with motion. Many cases ... Read More
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Plantar Fasciitis
Plantar fasciitis is a painful foot condition. It occurs when connective tissue at the bottom of the foot, called the plantar fascia, is irritated and inflamed. The condition commonly occurs among people who spend a lot of time on their ... Read More
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Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Therapy
Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Therapy is a cutting-edge procedure that is revolutionizing the field of orthopedic medicine. PRP therapy is a new treatment that relieves pain and promotes long lasting healing of musculoskeletal conditions. PRP Therapy uses components of the body’s ... Read More
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Pneumonia
Pneumonia can be a serious life-threatening illness that needs medical attention. Pneumonia results from germs that cause an infection in the lungs. Many people with pneumonia are treated with prescription medication at home, but others require more intensive treatment and a ... Read More
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Positron Emission Testing (PET)
Positron emission testing (PET) is a diagnostic imaging test that is used to help determine how organs and tissues inside the body are functioning. It also shows the size, shape, and position of organs. PET is used to help detect ... Read More
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Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT)
Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) is a revolutionary imaging procedure that combines the best of PET and CT imaging to create exceptionally detailed images. It is especially useful for diagnosing and treatment planning for brain disorders, heart conditions, and cancer. ... Read More
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Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a type of anxiety disorder. It develops in some people that witness or experience terrifying life-threatening events. PTSD can cause a variety of psychiatric and physical symptoms. People with PTSD may experience sudden vivid memories ... Read More
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Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction - Acquired Flatfoot
Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction, also known as acquired flatfoot, results when the tendon at the back of the ankle is inflamed or torn. It is a progressive condition that can eventually lead to a fallen arch or flatfoot. Advanced cases, or those ... Read More
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Preeclampsia
Preeclampsia is a common, yet serious problem that can develop during pregnancy. Formerly called toxemia, preeclampsia is characterized by high blood pressure and elevated levels of protein in urine that develop after the 20th week of pregnancy. Untreated preeclampsia can ... Read More
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Pregnancy: What to Expect
There are several ways of counting the weeks in pregnancy. A common method is by gestational age. With the gestational age method, the first day of a woman’s last menstrual period begins the first day of the first week of ... Read More
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Pregnancy: An Overview- Early Signs and Symptoms
Pregnancy occurs when a male sperm cell fertilizes a female’s egg and it implants in the uterine lining. Pregnancy may result from sexual intercourse or assistive reproductive medicine methods. It is important for women to receive prenatal care when they ... Read More
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Premature Infant Retinal Disorder- Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)
Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP), also called retrolental fribroplasia, is abnormal blood vessel development that may occur in some premature babies. The retina is located at the back of the eye. The retina transmits nerve messages about what is seen to ... Read More
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Premenstrual Syndrome - PMS
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) includes a variety of symptoms that many women commonly experience in the days before their period begins. Common symptoms include headache, abdominal pain, digestion problems, sleep difficulties, mood changes, and thought processing difficulties. PMS is a real ... Read More
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Preparing for Surgery
Surgery can be an overwhelming experience. It is important to go into your surgery feeling secure and confident. This guide will help you to understand what to expect. Understand the procedure Talk to your doctor. Learn what to expect before, during ... Read More
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Progressive Strengthening Exercises
Progressive strengthening exercises are used in rehabilitation to increase muscle strength, tone, size, and function. Progressive strengthening is also referred to as “progressive resistance,” “exercise progression,” and the “overload principle.” Injury, disease, and neurological disorders, such as stroke or traumatic ... Read More
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Prolotherapy - Pain Management
Prolotherapy is an alternative treatment for weakened or injured ligaments and tendons. Ligaments are strong tissues that connect bones to bones. They do not have an excellent blood supply, but they have many nerves that can cause pain, if injured. ... Read More
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Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer is a common type of cancer in men. The prostate is a golf ball size gland found only in men. It is located underneath the bladder and in front of the rectum. In most cases, prostate cancer occurs ... Read More
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Psoriasis
Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition that can come and go over time. Psoriasis causes red irritated flaky skin. It is not contagious. Although the exact cause and cure for psoriasis is unknown, there are many products and prescriptions that ... Read More
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Radial Tunnel Syndrome (Forearm)
Radial tunnel syndrome occurs when the radial nerve in the arm is compressed. The radial nerve travels through the radial tunnel located on the top (dorsum) of the forearm. The radial nerve can be compressed or irritated in the radial ... Read More
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Radiation Therapy
Radiation Therapy: An Overview Radiation therapy is used mainly as treatment for many different types of cancer. Radiation therapy is used to slow or stop the growth of cancer cells. Radiation uses high-energy X-rays to damage the cancer cells and prevent ... Read More
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Radiofrequency Ablation
For some people, certain facet-related back pain cannot be relieved with traditional treatments. The facet joints connect the bones (vertebrae) in your spine to each other. Each of the bones has two small facet joints located on the back. Radiofrequency ... Read More
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Rashes
Rashes are a common skin condition that everyone experiences at one time or another. There are numerous causes of rashes, ranging from allergic reactions, infections, and medical conditions to insect stings. Some types of rashes can be treated at home ... Read More
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Rectal Cancer
Rectal cancer is cancer that develops in the rectum. The rectum is the last six inches of the large intestine. Bleeding and a change in bowel patterns are common symptoms of rectal cancer. Most rectal cancers are treated with surgery ... Read More
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Rehabilitation - Progressive Strengthening
Progressive strengthening exercises are used in rehabilitation to increase muscle strength, tone, size, and function. Progressive strengthening is also referred to as “progressive resistance,” “exercise progression,” and the “overload principle.” Injury, disease, and neurological disorders, such as stroke or traumatic ... Read More
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Restless Legs Syndrome
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a condition that causes odd sensations in the legs and an urgency to move the legs. The symptoms become worse while resting or lying down to fall asleep. RLS is not a life-threatening condition, but ... Read More
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Rheumatoid Arthritis of the Hand
Rheumatoid arthritis commonly affects the hand. Rheumatoid arthritis is a long-term chronic inflammatory disease. It causes the joints in the hand to become painful, swollen, and stiff. Rheumatoid arthritis can lead to hand deformity and loss of function. Symptoms are ... Read More
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Rosacea
Rosacea (acne rosacea) is a chronic skin condition. It predominantly causes redness and flushing on the face. Although there is no cure for rosacea, antibiotics and laser therapy can help manage the condition and improve the appearance of your skin. ... Read More
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Rotator Cuff Tear & Repair
Rotator cuff tears are a common source of shoulder pain. The rotator cuff consists of four shoulder muscles and their tendons. Tendons are strong fibers that connect our muscles to our bones. The shoulder muscles and tendons cover the upper ... Read More
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Sciatica
The sciatic nerve is the thickest and longest nerve in your body. The sciatic nerve extends from your lower back down to your feet. If the sciatic nerve is compressed or inflamed, a painful condition called Sciatica can result. Symptoms ... Read More
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Sciatica - Pain Management
The sciatic nerve is the thickest and longest nerve in your body. The sciatic nerve extends from your lower back down to your feet. If the sciatic nerve is compressed or inflamed, a painful condition called Sciatica can result. Symptoms ... Read More
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Scoliosis - Curvature of the Spine
Scoliosis is an abnormal curvature of the spine. A healthy spine has natural front to back curves. Scoliosis is a condition that describes side to side curvatures of the spine, that often also involve rotational deformities. Some people are born ... Read More
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Scoliosis - Curvature of the Spine
Scoliosis is an abnormal curvature of the spine. A healthy spine has natural front to back curves. Scoliosis is a condition that describes side to side curvatures of the spine, that often also involve rotational deformities. Some people are born ... Read More
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Seborrhea
Seborrhea, also called Seborrheic Dermatitis, is a common skin condition. When it occurs on the scalp it is called dandruff. Seborrhea on a baby’s scalp is called cradle cap. Seborrhea describes a red scaly itchy skin. The affected areas produce ... Read More
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Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Females
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections that are spread by sexual activity. Females, youths, and people of minority groups have the highest incidence of sexually transmitted diseases. Sexually transmitted diseases may or may not produce symptoms, ... Read More
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Shin Splints
Shin splints is a term to describe pain at the front or lower inside edge of the leg. The pain is most frequently caused by muscle overuse, improper form when exercising, or wearing the wrong type of athletic shoes. Most ... Read More
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Shingles
Shingles are a painful rash that develops in nearly 1 in 3 Americans. The risk of developing shingles increases with age. More than half of all shingles cases occur in people over the age of 60, although children can develop ... Read More
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Shoulder Arthroscopy
The shoulder can perform movements in more directions and to greater extents than any other joint in our body. But because it can perform so many movements, the shoulder is vulnerable to stress and injury. Shoulder injuries are very common, ... Read More
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Shoulder Impingement Syndrome - Shoulder Tendonitis
Shoulder impingement syndrome is a painful condition in the shoulder. It occurs when the tendons in the shoulder are irritated, inflamed or degenerated from repetitive overhead motions or structural abnormalities in the shoulder. Shoulder impingement syndrome is treated with activity modification, ... Read More
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Sinusitis
Sinusitis is a fairly common condition. It can develop following a cold, upper respiratory infection, or allergic reaction. Environmental irritants, certain medical conditions, and structural abnormalities can contribute to sinusitis. Sinusitis causes pressure and pain in the head and face. It can ... Read More
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Skin Cancer
Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the United States. There are many types of skin cancers. They are classified as melanomas or non-melanomas. Melanomas begin in the melanocytes, the cells in skin that produce color. Melanoma ... Read More
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Skin Cancer - Melanoma
Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer. It occurs when the melanocytes in the skin grow abnormally and out of control. Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun and a history of childhood sunburns contribute to the development ... Read More
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Sleep Apnea
Sleep apnea is a common and under-diagnosed sleep disorder. It causes repeated episodes of stopped breathing (apneic episodes) and startling or gasping for air during sleep. People with sleep apnea frequently do not realize that they have it. The consequences ... Read More
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Sore Throat
Sore throats (pharyngitis) are a very common medical condition. Sore throats are most frequently caused by viral infections. The majority of sore throats heal on their own. The symptoms may be relieved with home treatments and over-the-counter medications. Sore throats that ... Read More
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Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) for Pain Relief
Introduction Spinal cord stimulation is a pain relieving treatment for chronic back pain. Spinal cord stimulation can be useful for some people that have failed other forms of treatment. The stimulator is a small device that is surgically placed beneath the ... Read More
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Spinal Cord Tumors
Spinal cord tumors may originate in the spinal cord or result from the spread of cancer from another location in the body. Your spinal cord transmits sensory, movement, and reflex information between your brain and body. Spinal cord tumors need ... Read More
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Spinal Stenosis
The lower back is a common place to experience pain and discomfort. The lumbar spine is located in your lower back. The bones align to form the spine. Aging, arthritis, and degenerative conditions can cause the bones to change shape and ... Read More
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Spondylolisthesis - Slipped Vertebrae
Small bones, called vertebrae, align to form the spine in your back. A healthy spine supports the body, while allowing movement. Spondylolisthesis occurs when age or injury causes a vertebra in the lower back to slip forward and out of ... Read More
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Spondylolysis - Stress Fracture of Spine- Pain Management
Adolescents that participate in high impact sports and adults with physically demanding jobs have the greatest risk of spondylolysis, a type of stress fracture in the lower part of the spine. Spondylolysis may or may not cause symptoms, such as ... Read More
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Sprains & Strains
Sprains and strains are common injuries that can happen to anyone, but occur most frequently in people who participate in sports, perform repetitive activities, or are at-risk for falls. Sprains involve the tissues that connect bones together (ligaments). Strains involve ... Read More
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Stellate Ganglion Block
A stellate ganglion block is an injection used to diagnose or treat certain nerve conditions. The stellate ganglion is a group of nerves located at the front of the neck. A stellate ganglion block is used to prevent pain signals from ... Read More
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Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Radiotherapy
Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS) and Stereotactic Radiotherapy (SRT) are both treatment methods of delivering radiation therapy to cancer tumors. SRS or SRT may be used instead of or along with surgery. SRS involves a single radiation treatment. SRT uses a series ... Read More
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Stomach Cancer
Stomach cancer is not a common type of cancer in the United States. Stomach cancer occurs more frequently in areas outside of the United States, with the highest rates occurring in Japan, China, Southern and Eastern Europe, South America, Central ... Read More
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Stomach Flu
The stomach flu, also called viral gastroenteritis, is the leading cause of severe diarrhea. It can also cause vomiting and abdominal pain. The virus is found in contaminated food or drinking water. Symptoms of the stomach flu usually develop within ... Read More
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Strep Throat
Strep throat is a common type of sore throat. The germ that causes strep throat is spread from person to person in saliva and nasal secretions. Strep throat is treated with antibiotics. You can help prevent the spread of strep ... Read More
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Stress Fracture - Leg and Foot
Stress fractures are tiny hairline breaks in the bone. They tend to develop in the legs or feet of dancers, athletes, or military personnel who exercise when their muscles are fatigued or when their bodies are not yet conditioned to ... Read More
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Stroke - CVA
A stroke or a “brain attack” is an emergency medical condition. It occurs when the blood supply to the brain is stopped or reduced for a period of time. Your brain controls the life sustaining functions of your body. It ... Read More
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Swallowing Disorders
Swallowing is a complex process. Swallowing, termed deglutition, allows you to pass food and liquids from your mouth to your stomach for digestion. Swallowing difficulties, termed dysphagia, can occur for several reasons. Certain medical conditions, neurological conditions, or structural deformities ... Read More
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Swimmer's Ear - Otitis Externa
Swimmer’s ear is an outer ear infection. It is also called an external ear infection, external otitis, or otitis externa. It commonly results from an infection that develops in trapped water in the ear after swimming. Irritants or germs that enter ... Read More
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Swine Flu - Influenza
The United States Centers for Disease Control (CDC) is carefully monitoring the cases of swine flu in America. The CDC states that while there is no need to panic, you should educate yourself about the swine flu and take precautions. ... Read More
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Syncope - Fainting
Syncope is the medical term for fainting. Syncope results from a drop in blood pressure or heart rate. It may occur because of certain triggers, such as dehydration, stress, or exhaustion. Recurrent syncope may be the sign of a heart ... Read More
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Tendonitis
Tendonitis is an inflammatory condition that can develop in a tendon. Tendons are strong fibers that connect your muscles to your bones. Tendonitis most frequently results from overuse of a joint. Symptoms include pain and tenderness. Most cases of tendonitis ... Read More
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Tennis Elbow - Lateral Epicondylitis
Tennis Elbow is a condition that results in deterioration of the tendon fibers that attach to the bone at the outside of the elbow. Tendons are strong fibers that attach muscles to bone. They are tissues that do not stretch ... Read More
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Tension Headache
Tension headaches are the most common type of primary headache, meaning that they are not caused by an underlying medical disorder. Most people will experience a tension headache in their lifetime. They occur most frequently between the ages of 20 ... Read More
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The Digestive System/How it works
Whenever you eat and drink, food travels through your digestive system for processing. Your body absorbs nutrients and removes waste products via your digestive system. As water is absorbed from your digestive system, the waste products become more solid and ... Read More
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The Eyes: How They Work
Your visual system consists of your eyes, nerve pathways, and your brain. Your eyes are where the visual process begins. Nerve pathways extend from your eyes and carry messages throughout your brain for processing. Your brain interprets what you see—colors, ... Read More
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The Heart: How it Works
The Heart: How it Works The heart is the core of the cardiovascular system. Your cardiovascular system consists of your heart and the blood vessels that carry blood throughout your body. Your heart is located to the left of the middle ... Read More
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The Liver - How it Works
Your liver is one of the largest organs in your body, second only to your skin. Your liver is located in your right upper abdomen and is protected by your ribcage. Your liver performs over 100 functions—most of them are ... Read More
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Thoracic Facet Radiofrequency Neurotomy - Upper Back
Thoracic facet radiofrequency neurotomy (facet rhizotomy) is used to treat nerve pain in the upper back after other forms of treatment have failed. The procedure “turns off” the specific nerve that carries information about pain. The treatment provides pain relief for ... Read More
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Thyroid Cancer
Thyroid cancer is one of the least deadly types of cancer. It occurs when cells in the thyroid gland grow abnormally and out of control. Your thyroid gland is located in the front of your neck. There are several different ... Read More
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Tibia Fracture - Broken Shinbone
The tibia, commonly called the shinbone, is located in your lower leg. A tibia fracture is a common injury. A fracture is a broken bone. Vehicle crashes, falls, and sports injuries are frequent causes of tibia fractures. Depending on the ... Read More
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TMJ Disorder
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is unique in that it allows your lower jaw to perform motions in several different directions. You use lower jaw motions whenever you talk, swallow, chew, or yawn. Because of the complexity of the joint structure, ... Read More
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Toe Fracture
Toe fractures can certainly hurt, but they are rarely incapacitating. They most frequently result from some type of trauma. The majority of toe fractures can heal without surgery. ... Read More
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Toenail Fungus
Not only is toenail fungus unsightly, but it is difficult to treat. You should consult a podiatrist at the first sign of toenail fungus, such as white or yellow spots on the nails. Your doctor will provide treatments to help stop ... Read More
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Tonsillitis
Tonsillitis is an inflammation of the tonsils most common in children and adolescents. It is typically caused by a virus, although it can also be caused by a bacterial infection. Common symptoms include sore throat, difficulty swallowing and fever. Most cases ... Read More
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Total Hip Replacement
The hip is one of the most commonly replaced joints. The hip is a ball and socket joint. It allows us to move our legs and bend and straighten our body. Osteoarthritis, a type of arthritis, is the main reason ... Read More
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Total Knee Replacement
The knee is the largest joint in our body. It is one to the most easily injured joints. Knee problems can occur from injury, aging, “wear and tear,” or disease, such as arthritis. Arthritis causes joint pain, stiffness, and swelling. ... Read More
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Total Shoulder Replacement
The shoulder has a greater range of motion than any other joint in our body, but because it can perform so many movements, the shoulder is vulnerable to stress, injury, and arthritis. Arthritis is a major cause of shoulder pain. ... Read More
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Trigger Finger and Trigger Thumb
Trigger Finger and Trigger Thumb, medically termed Stenosing Tenosynovitis, are common hand conditions. This condition occurs when the tendons in the thumb and fingers do not glide smoothly. Tendons are strong tissues that connect our muscles to our bones. Trigger ... Read More
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Trigger Points & Trigger Point Injections
A trigger point is a small area in a muscle that is very sensitive to touch or pressure. It can be extremely painful. Injury, overexertion, muscle tension, and muscle spasms are common causes of trigger points. They most frequently occur ... Read More
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Ulcers
A Peptic Ulcer is a sore in the lining of the stomach or the first part of the small intestine. An ulcer is caused by an imbalance between the acids and enzymes that break down food in the upper gastrointestinal ... Read More
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Ultrasound - Diagnostic
An ultrasound is an imaging test that allows doctors to view internal organs, tissues, and systems, and check developing babies during pregnancy. Ultrasound is noninvasive. An ultrasound uses sound waves to create pictures of the structures on a video monitor. ... Read More
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Ultrasound - Pelvic and Transvaginal
An ultrasound, also called a sonogram, is an imaging test that is used to create pictures of internal organs and structures. Ultrasound may be used to examine a woman’s reproductive organs, including the uterus, ovaries, cervix, and vagina. An obstetric ... Read More
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Ultrasound Therapy - Pain Management/Rehabilitation
Ultrasound therapy is used to minimize muscle pain and movement dysfunction. Therapeutic ultrasound uses sound waves to deliver deep heat to the treated tissues. The treatments may help reduce stiffness, swelling, and pain, increase circulation, and promote pain-free movement. Ultrasound ... Read More
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Upper GI Endoscopy
An Upper Gastrointestinal Intestinal (GI) Endoscopy is a procedure that uses an endoscope to view the esophagus, stomach, and upper duodenum, the first part of the small intestine. This test is also called an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) or a gastroscopy. An ... Read More
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Upper GI Series/ Barium Swallow
An Upper Gastrointestinal (GI) Series or Barium Swallow provides a set of X-rays showing the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. Before the X-rays are taken, barium, a chalky substance, is swallowed. The barium provides an image of the upper gastrointestinal ... Read More
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Urinary Tract Infection - Bladder Infection
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are a common condition. Most UTIs result from infection caused by bacteria that enters the urinary tract system. UTIs can be quite uncomfortable and lead to problems with urination. Fortunately, most UTIs respond well to prescription ... Read More
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Virtual Colonoscopy
A virtual colonoscopy is a procedure that uses medical imaging and computers to create a three-dimensional picture of the colon and rectum. The test is most frequently used to diagnose pre-cancerous polyps and colorectal cancer. It is a relatively quick ... Read More
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Viscosupplementation Therapy - Pain Management
Viscosupplementation therapy is a treatment for knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is a common type of arthritis that causes bone degeneration and synovial fluid reduction. Synovial fluid acts as a shock absorber and lubricant in the knee joint. Arthritis and a decrease ... Read More
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Vomiting
Although no one likes it, everyone will experience vomiting at one time or another. Vomiting occurs when the stomach moves food up and out, instead of down through the digestive tract. In the majority of cases, vomiting can be treated ... Read More
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Warts
Warts are small growths that appear on the skin. They vary in type, size, appearance, and location. Warts usually are not painful. A virus causes warts. Warts are very contagious and can be spread from person to person. Some warts ... Read More
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Weight Management
Weighing too much or too little can be a problem. In the United States, weighing too much is the more common situation. It can be unhealthy to be underweight or overweight. Of growing concern, many Americans are becoming obese, which ... Read More
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Whiplash
Whiplash occurs when the head moves suddenly from severe impact, such as during a car crash. Whiplash can cause neck pain, upper back pain, shoulder pain, tight muscles, and burning or tingling sensations in your neck or upper back. Most ... Read More
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Whiplash - Chiropractic Treatment
Neck and upper back pain may occur immediately or in a somewhat delayed fashion after an auto crash. If you have neck pain, upper back pain, shoulder pain, tight muscles, and burning or tingling sensations in your neck or upper ... Read More
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Wrist Fracture - Open Reduction and Internal or External Fixation
Wrist fractures are a very common type of orthopedic injury. They occur most often as the result of a fall. When we fall, it is our natural instinct to stretch out our arms in an attempt to cushion ourselves. However, ... Read More
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X-Rays
X-rays use radiation energy to create images of internal body structures. X-rays are a non-invasive procedure, meaning that the body does not have to be surgically opened to see a bone or tissue. X-rays are used to help diagnose a ... Read More
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Yeast Infection - Vaginal
Vaginal yeast infections are common. They most frequently result from the overgrowth of a fungal organism. Common symptoms include itching, irritation, abnormal discharge, and painful urination. Yeast infections are treated with over-the-counter or prescription medications. ... Read More
Copyright © - iHealthSpot Interactive - www.iHealthSpot.com
This information is intended for educational and informational purposes only. It should not be used in place of an individual consultation or examination or replace the advice of your health care professional and should not be relied upon to determine diagnosis or course of treatment.
The iHealthSpot patient education library was written collaboratively by the iHealthSpot editorial team which includes Senior Medical Authors Dr. Mary Car-Blanchard, OTD/OTR/L and Valerie K. Clark, and the following editorial advisors: Steve Meadows, MD, Ernie F. Soto, DDS, Ronald J. Glatzer, MD, Jonathan Rosenberg, MD, Christopher M. Nolte, MD, David Applebaum, MD, Jonathan M. Tarrash, MD, and Paula Soto, RN/BSN. This content complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information. The library commenced development on September 1, 2005 with the latest update/addition on February 16, 2022. For information on iHealthSpot’s other services including medical website design, visit www.iHealthSpot.com.
